Bacterial batteries power the Internet of Things 

Could soil generate clean electricity to power IoT devices for agriculture?

Spotted: Without soil, life as we know it on Earth would not be possible. It anchors and nourishes the crops we rely on, playing an essential role in 95 per cent of the food we eat – but its potential does not stop there. Remarkably, soil is also a source of electrons produced by natural bacteria, and this green energy can be harvested, as startup Bactery has discovered.

The University of Bath spin-out has harnessed this source of energy with its bacteria-powered batteries – or ‘Bacteries’ – that recharge themselves when placed in soil. Bactery’s technology builds on Soil Microbial Fuel Cells (SMFCs), which convert chemical energy from organic compounds into electrical energy by using bacteria that are naturally present in the soil.

Leveraging this technology, Bactery aims to fast-track the digitalisation of agriculture. With the growing demand for sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, collecting and relaying field data empowers farms to make more informed decisions. Current digital solutions aren’t well-suited for the sector, making Bactery’s soil-powered technology a more practical, affordable, and reliable option to power on-site sensors so that farmers can have real-time access to the information they need.

The technology can last over 25 years and costs just £25 per unit, with no maintenance expenses. The company promises an “Install and Forget” functionality, enabling farmers to gather the necessary data to help them boost yields and conserve resources without worry.

In 2019, the team validated the concept by creating a soil-powered water disinfection system. Over the next 12 months, the firm will refine its prototype, aiming for a product launch in 2026.

Written By: Georgia King